nkhani

Malinga ndi lamulo la Stokes, zida zimatha kusangalatsidwa ndi kuwala kwamphamvu komanso kutulutsa mphamvu zochepa.Mwanjira ina, zida zimatha kutulutsa utali wautali komanso kuwala kocheperako zikasangalatsidwa ndi kutalika kwafupipafupi komanso kuwala kwafupipafupi.
M'malo mwake, luminescence ya upconversion imatanthawuza kuti zinthuzo zimakondwera ndi kuwala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimatulutsa kuwala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zinthuzo zimatulutsa kuwala ndi kutalika kwafupipafupi komanso maulendo apamwamba pamene amasangalala ndi kuwala ndi kutalika kwa kutalika komanso kutsika kochepa.
Mpaka pano, luminescence ya upconversion yachitika m'magulu opangidwa ndi ayoni osowa padziko lapansi, makamaka fluoride, oxide, mankhwala a sulfure, fluorine oxides, halides, etc.
NaYF4 ndiye gawo laling'ono lomwe lili ndi kutembenuka kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa luminescence.Mwachitsanzo, pamene NaYF4: Er, Yb, mwachitsanzo, ytterbium ndi erbium aliopangidwa kawiri,Er imagwira ntchito ngati activator ndi Yb ngati chotsitsimutsa.